WEBNov 8, 2023 · Liquefaction is one of the several technologies available for biomass conversion, alongside processes like pyrolysis, gasifiion, and fermentation. The liquefaction process involves heating the biomass feedstock in the presence of a solvent or a alyst to break down the complex organic molecules into simpler, liquid .
WEBDirect liquefaction recovers oil from the raw material by extraction and/or conversion. The term 'recovery' is used in the broadest sense of the word, since most direct liquefaction processes also entail some form of conversion. The oil recovered from a direct liquefaction process usually retains some of the character of the raw material.
WEBAug 1, 2022 · The conversion routes of biomass are mainly summarized in Fig. biochemical conversion has been widely used for the production of biogas and ethanol fuel [18, 19], our article focuses on the thermochemical conversion routes in particular pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and gasifiion as these processes .
WEBAug 19, 2020 · The main objective of this paper is to carry out a technoeconomic evaluation for the direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process based on the two primary conversion options under consideration: (a) alytic coal liquefaction (CCL) – the use of nondonor solvents with added hydrogen pressure and (b) thermal coal liquefaction .
WEBJul 1, 2006 · Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) converts solid coal (H/C ratio ≈ ) to liquid fuels (H/C ratio ≈ 2) by adding hydrogen at high temperature and pressures in the presence or absence of alyst.
WEBJul 1, 2012 · Direct coal liquefaction process is the core of ... study of the DCL technology conducted by using rigorous process and economic models especially while considering CO 2 capture, biomass co ...
WEBBiomass is often referred to as a carbon–neutral energy source, and it has a role in reducing fossil fuel depletion. In addition, biomass can be converted efficiently into various forms of biofuels. The biomass conversion processes involve several thermochemical, biochemical, and hydrothermal methods for biomass treatment integration. The most .
WEBJun 3, 2022 · Status of Biomass Combustion Technology. Biomass combustion is applied in many situations, for example, cooking or heating in, producing steam or hot oil for industrial process, and power generation in utility power plant. In general, biomass is a process of solid combustion and a typical gas–solid chemical reaction.
WEBNov 1, 2022 · The cofeeding of coal and biomass and integrating high and lowtemperature processes can significantly improve the environmental performance of ICL [21], [22]. Coal to fuel ethanol (CTFE) is considered a promising substitute for gasoline in vehicles, but its environmental performances are much worse than those of fuel .
WEBSep 21, 2020 · Algae biomass has recently attracted the attention of the green energy industry as a raw material for biofuels production. Their highwater content has led to the choice of hydrothermal liquefaction as a suitable way to convert them into biooil. From algae species to biooil as fuel, many steps are required, including the selection of algae .
WEBAug 11, 2021 · Hydrothermal liquefaction is one of the common thermochemical conversion methods adapted to convert highwater content biomass feedstocks to biofuels and many other valuable industrial chemicals. The hydrothermal process is broadly classified into carbonization, liquefaction, and gasifiion with hydrothermal .
WEBJan 23, 2015 · Coal liquefaction, currently termed coal to liquids (CTL) [], is a chemical process for producing synthetic transportation fuels from coal to replace or supplement conventional supplies of diesel oil and gasoline derived largely from petroleum [].Technologically, there are two primary routes for CTL production—direct coal .
WEBNov 1, 2022 · The cofeeding of coal and biomass and integrating high and lowtemperature processes can significantly improve the environmental performance of ICL [21], [22]. Coal to fuel ethanol (CTFE) is considered a promising substitute for gasoline in vehicles, but its environmental performances are much worse than those of fuel .
WEBCharacterization of Oxygenated Species in Coal Liquefaction Products: An Overview. ... Z. R. Ismagilov. The relationship between the molecular composition of coal and the conversion of its organic matter during thermal dissolution. Carbon Letters 2022, 32 (4 ... (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011 ...
WEBOct 1, 2016 · Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is an important way of coal conversion and is important to the global energy industry. In this paper, a typical liquefied coal–Naomaohu coal (NMHC)–was liquefied under mild conditions (400 °C, initial H 2 pressure of 3 MPa), and a NMHC conversion of % was obtained with an oil+gas yield of %. In the ...
WEBAug 1, 2015 · Thermochemical conversion processes mainly include combustion, pyrolysis, gasifiion, and liquefaction [8], [9], [10], [11].Liquefaction is a lowtemperature (250–400 °C) and highpressure (5–20 MPa) thermochemical process during which the biomass is converted into three products, a biooil fraction (target product), a gas .
WEBFeb 1, 2000 · Maximum conversion (98%) and maximum oil + gas yield (70%) from this coal were obtained by impregnating AHM onto coal and carrying out liquefaction in H2/tetralin system at 450 °C for 30 min.
WEBAug 1, 1984 · The use of highcarbonbased feeds to produce alternative fuels and valueadded chemicals is discussed. Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, .
WEBOct 1, 1996 · Introduction Waste materials are increasingly being studied as coliquefaction agents for the firststage conversion of coal to liquid fuels. In a conventional direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process, firststage conversion refers to the formation of relatively heavy products (in the asphaltene and preasphaltene range) from the coal.
WEBMay 21, 1996 · The cyclohexane conversion of coal was also alyzed. ... Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011,,, 105154. DOI: / ... A new process for alytic liquefaction of coal using dispersed MoS 2 alyst generated in situ with added H 2 O. .
WEBDec 1, 2016 · Coal Conversion Processes. December 2016. DOI: / In book: KirkOthmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Authors: James G. Speight. To read the full ...
WEBOct 1, 2013 · Liquefaction of coal is a process whereby the macromolecular structure of coal is broken down by the addition of a solvent under moderate temperature and pressure to produce clean liquid fuels [1 ...
WEBAug 8, 2023 · In recent years, several researchers have studied various process types for the conversion of biomass. Different processes, such as thermochemical and biochemical, have been used to convert biomass into valuable forms of energy . The conversion technology option is dependent on the amount of property, the type of .
WEBNov 1, 2011 · Some researchers have reported that coliquefaction of biomass and coal under mild condition (about 350°C) has higher conversion and oil yield than those that would be predicted based on a simple ...
WEBThis paper presents a brief state of the art review of direct coal liquefaction. The review includes important pilot scale processes available for the liquefaction an a brief description of the structure of coal and the chemistry, mechanism and available lumped kinetic models for the liquefaction process. It also includes some discussions on ...
WEBDCL technology was invented by Friedrich Bergius in 1913. This technology directly produces liquid fuels from coal with the basic process that dissolves coal at high temperature and pressure and adds hydrogen to increase the hydrogen content [11]. DCL is the most efficient technology among the three current technologies.
WEBNov 1, 2019 · Therefore, the development of processes that would be able to convert biomass under milder reaction conditions (below 20 bar [101]) would be a step forward for the commercialization of lignocellulosic biomass conversion through liquefaction. However, the desired temperature range required for the process, 200–400 °C, .
WEBFeb 1, 2024 · It is well recognized that the high DCL reactivity of vitrinite of lowrank coals is ascribed to its structure characteristics. In specific, the aromatic units in these vitrinite are small, with 1–3 condensed rings, while the bridges and the side chains are generally composed of 1–4 carbon (C) and oxygen (O) atoms [11], [12]. Fig. 1 (a) is the structure .
WEBFeb 15, 2024 · In our previous study [14], [22], a staged conversion technology was proposed for the characteristics of lowrank coal. The asphaltene separated from the first stage reaction was hard to hydrocrack and need to be converted under strong alytic conditions, which was the key to improve the liquefaction efficiency of the whole process.
WEBJan 1, 2017 · Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is one of the major technologies for alytic conversion of coal to obtain liquid fuels via hydrogenation and heteroatom removal [3][4] [5]. DCL residue mainly ...
WEBNov 15, 2002 · Coal gasifiion is presented in terms of the chemistry of coal conversion and the product gas characteristics, the historical development of coal gasifiers, variations in the types and performance of coal gasifiers, the configuration of gasifiion systems, and the status and economics of coal gasifiion. In many ways, coal gasifiion .
WEBOct 1, 2021 · The operating cost of the liquefaction process is reported to be similar to fast pyrolysis. However, it requires a higher capital investment due to the difference in biomass conversion and liquefaction pressures. Biomass liquefaction costs range between /gal based on the technology level (Brown, 2019).
WEBAug 19, 2020 · The main objective of this paper is to carry out a techno‐economic evaluation for the direct coal liquefaction (DCL) process based on the two primary conversion options under consideration: (a) alytic coal liquefaction (CCL) – the use of non‐donor solvents with added hydrogen pressure and (b) thermal coal liquefaction .
WEBJan 1, 1994 · Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. 2011, Advances in Clean Hydrocarbon Fuel Processing: Science and Technology ... Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid .
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