WEBJul 18, 2022 · The financial community has to be sensitised to the need of increasing domestic coal production to meet the growing energy demand. The draft National Electricity Policy released in May 2021, recognised the need to increase coalbased generation. This policy has not yet been finalised. It should clearly articulate the importance of domestic .
WEBJan 21, 2024 · A3: UPSC NCERT notes on Geography cover various types of mineral resources, including metallic minerals (like iron, copper, and gold), nonmetallic minerals (such as limestone and gypsum), and energy resources like coal, petroleum, and natural gas. The notes provide insights into their occurrence, extraction methods, and .
WEBJan 25, 2016 · Coals are classified into three main ranks, or types: lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite. These classifiions are based on the amount of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen present in the coal. Coals other constituents include hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, ash, and sulfur. Some of the undesirable chemical constituents include chlorine and .
WEBSep 30, 2023 · Coal mining involves extracting coal from either underground mines or openpit mines, which is then used for various purposes such as energy production and industrial processes. ... Coal Mines in India UPSC. Understanding coal mines in India is important for the UPSC exam because they play a crucial role in the nation's energy .
WEBContext of Rat Hole Mining. On 13 December, 2018, at least 15 workers were trapped in a 320350 feetdeep coal mine in the East Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya after it was flooded by waters of the nearby Lytein river. Rescue operations led by the National Disaster Response Force and the Indian Navy was on the scene to loe the trapped ...
WEBUses of Coal. It is mainly used to generate heat and electricity. It is used in s and in industries to accomplish various tasks. It is the cheapest source of power fuel. The iron and steel industry depends heavily on fossil fuel for energy. It is also used to produce useful products such as coke, tar, and coal gas.
WEBJul 31, 2023 · The HallHeroult process is predominantly used in the extraction of aluminium. In this process, pure Al 2 O 3 is mixed with CaF 2 or Na 3 AlF 6 . This lowers the melting point of the mixture and increases its ability to conduct electricity. A steel vessel with a lining of carbon and graphite rods is used.
WEBJul 22, 2023 · India's Scope in Mining Sector: India ranks 4th globally in terms of iron ore production and is the world's 2nd largest coal producer as of 2021. Combined Aluminium production (primary and secondary) in India stood at MT per annum in FY21 becoming the 2nd largest in the world.
WEBNov 30, 2023 · As the cutting head of the auger bites into the coalface, the cut coal is carried out by the screw portion of the bit. Once the hole is mined to its required depth, the auger machine is moved a few feet and another hole is drilled. Rat hole mining: Rathole mining involves digging tunnels 34 feet deep, barely allowing workers to crawl in and out.
WEBNov 29, 2023 · About: Rat hole mining is a method of extracting coal from narrow, horizontal seams, prevalent in Meghalaya. The term "rat hole" refers to the narrow pits dug into the ground, typically just large enough for one person to descend and extract coal. Once the pits are dug, miners descend using ropes or bamboo ladders to reach the coal .
WEBNov 14, 2021 · As the Indian economy began to revive after facing the huge shock posed by the second wave of the Covid19 pandemic, another shock shook the nation when those coalfired power stations, which produce around 70 per cent of India's power, announced in early October 2021 that they had an average of four days of coal left, the lowest in .
WEBFeb 8, 2024 · Assessment: Asking states to conduct climate impact assessment of fossil fuel extraction on global emissions has a shaky legal basis. Treaties Agreements On fossil fuel Extraction. Paris Agreement: To eliminate coal by 2030, driven by concerns over the Production Gap Report's projections and challenges with the temperature goals.
WEBCommercial mining allows the private sector to mine coal commercially without placing any enduse restrictions. The private firms have the option of either gasifiion of the coal or exporting it. They can also use it in their own enduse plants or sell them in the markets. The government expects more than Rs 33,000 crore of capital ...
WEBJul 6, 2020 · Some private miners were found to be using unscientific coal mining practices and providing poor working conditions for labour. This led to the Central Government to nationalise private coalmines. The nationalisation was done in two phases, from . The Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act, 1973 was enacted for this purpose.
WEBNov 26, 2019 · What is coalbed methane (CBM)? It is an unconventional form of natural gas found in coal deposits or coal seams. CMB is formed during the process of coalifiion, the transformation of plant material into coal. CBM can be used. In Power generation. As Compressed natural gas (CNG) auto fuel.
WEBMar 4, 2024 · A: Underground Coal Gasifiion (UCG), also known as insitu gasifiion, is a process where coal is converted into gas within the coal seam itself. The gas is then retrieved through wells. This method offers an alternative to traditional coal extraction and combustion. Q3: What are the byproducts of coal gasifiion, and how are they utilized?
WEBFeb 8, 2024 · Source: The post phasing out fossil fuels equitably has been created, based on the article "Equity concerns in banning fossil fuel extraction" published in "The Hindu" on 8th February 2024.. UPSC Syllabus Topic: GS Paper 3 – Environment – Environmental pollution and degradation, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) News: The article .
WEBAug 4, 2020 · Introduction: The Centre launched the auction of 41 coal blocks for commercial mining, with the Prime Minister formally giving the green signal and expressed optimism that it will help in reducing dependency on imports. The move is aimed at reviving the auction process, which has remained in limbo with only 31 coal blocks having .
WEBNov 3, 2015 · Captive Mining Policy is there in place since 1970s but it became a major policy only after 1993. In 1970s, all the coal mining private leases were terminated via the Coal Mines (Nationalization) Amendment Act 1976 but some exceptions were allowed because the nationalized coal companies were unable to fully meet demand.
WEBMar 7, 2020 · New mining target: In 2018, the government allowed commercial mining by private entities and set a mining target of billion tonnes by 2020. Out of this, 1 billion tonnes was set to be from Coal India, while 500 million tonnes was to be from nonCoal India entities. This target has now been revised to 1 billion tonnes by 22324.
WEBApr 5, 2019 · What are the Advantages of Biofuels? Availability: Biofuels are produced from biomass and thus are renewable. Source Material: Whereas oil is a limited resource that comes from specific materials, biofuels can be manufactured from a wide range of materials including crop waste, manure, and other byproducts. Environment Pollution: Biofuels do .
WEBJun 23, 2023 · Coal India Ltd (CIL) is a public sector undertaking that is the largest coal producer and supplier in India. It operates under the Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act, of 1973, which gives it a monopoly over coal mining and distribution in the country. CIL was a fully governmentowned entity until it's disinvestment in 2010.
WEBSep 15, 2022 · Mining is the extraction of minerals and other geological materials of economic value from deposits on the earth. Mining has the potential to have severely adverse effects on the environment including loss of biodiversity, erosion, contamination of surface water, ground water, and soil. Effects of Mining on Environment Bad mining .
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WEBJun 7, 2021 · Detailed Solution. The correct answer is option 4, Wastetoenergy technologies. Pyrolysis is a process of chemically decomposing organic materials at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen. The process typically occurs at temperatures above 430 °C and under pressure. It is commonly used to convert organic .
WEBApr 16, 2024 · About Hydrocarbons. The term 'hydrocarbon' means compounds of carbon and hydrogen only. Hydrocarbons are the critical energy storage molecules within all major types of fossil fuels (including coal, oil, and natural gas) and biofuels. Burning hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen (O2) produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
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